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A DOT physical is the medical examination that shows a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) driver meets the FMCSA physical qualification standards in 49 CFR 391.41. Drivers must pass it before driving a CMV and at regular intervals afterward. This page covers the basics; the medical examiner makes every qualification decision.
The essentials
| Question | Short answer |
|---|---|
| Why is it required? | To confirm a driver can safely operate a CMV. See purpose of the examination. |
| Who performs it? | A medical examiner listed on the FMCSA National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners (NRCME), under 49 CFR 391.43. See who can perform a DOT medical exam. |
| What should I bring? | Photo ID, a list of medications, records for any ongoing condition, and your glasses, contacts, or hearing aids. See what to bring. |
| How long is it valid? | Up to 24 months under 49 CFR 391.45; the examiner may set a shorter period. See certificate duration. |
| What about conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure? | Many drivers with a controlled condition can qualify, sometimes for a shorter period. See common conditions. |
| What if I do not qualify? | You may not drive a CMV until you are found qualified. See if you do not qualify. |
How the result reaches the driver's record
Since June 23, 2025, medical examiners report exam results for CDL and CLP holders to FMCSA, and FMCSA sends the medical certification information to the State driver licensing agency electronically. These drivers no longer have to carry the certificate (49 CFR 391.41(a)(2)). Drivers who do not need a CDL still receive a paper Medical Examiner's Certificate. See Medical certification requirements for CDL holders.
Reference topics
- Physical qualifications for drivers (§391.41): the standards every driver must meet.
- Determine the type of CMV operation: interstate or intrastate, excepted or non-excepted.
- Instructions for medical examiners: how the examiner applies the standards.
- National Registry: set Med-Stop as your third party: for medical examiners who use Med-Stop.
In Med-Stop
Employers can keep track of drivers' medical certificate dates and exam documents. See license and medical certificate expirations and where to find an employee's medical examination documents.
This help is general information, not medical advice. Questions about a specific condition belong with the medical examiner or the driver's own doctor.